Covariates | IMPD | Total | Bivariate | Multivariate | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Categories | Subcategories | n (%) | n | OR | 95% IC | p-value | OR | 95% IC | p-value |
Age | < 30 | 21 (25) | 36 | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  |
30–39 | 27 (33) | 80 | 0.363 | 0.162–0.816 | 0.014 | 0.383 | 0.152–0.964 | 0.042 | |
40–49 | 18 (21) | 44 | 0.494 | 0.202–1.209 | 0.123 | 0.517 | 0.190–1.1403 | 0.195 | |
≥ 50 | 18 (21) | 47 | 0.443 | 0.182–1.075 | 0.072 | 0.470 | 0.170–1.298 | 0.145 | |
Gender | Female | 60 (71) | 154 | 1 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Male | 24 (29) | 53 | 1.296 | 0.690–2.435 | 0.419 |  |  |  | |
Marital status | Single | 15 (18) | 37 | 1 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
In relationship | 69 (82) | 170 | 1.001 | 0.485–2.067 | 0.996 |  |  |  | |
Education | None | 29 (35) | 52 | 1 | Â | Â | 1 | Â | Â |
Primary | 26 (31) | 61 | 0.589 | 0.279–1.246 | 0.165 | 0.726 | 0.305–1.729 | 0.470 | |
Secondary | 25 (30) | 75 | 0.396 | 0.191–0.821 | 0.013 | 0.563 | 0.242–1.312 | 0.184 | |
Tertiary | 4 (5) | 19 | 0.211 | 0.061–0.724 | 0.013 | 0.419 | 0.094–1.857 | 0.253 | |
Religion | Christian | 59 (70) | 153 | 1 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Islam | 11 (13) | 26 | 1.168 | 0.502–2.715 | 0.718 |  |  |  | |
Other | 14 (17) | 28 | 1.593 | 0.709–3.578 | 0.259 |  |  |  | |
Family size | < 4 | 6 (26) | 21 | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |
4–8 | 64 (76) | 150 | 1.860 | 0.684–5.059 | 0.224 |  |  |  | |
> 8 | 14 (17) | 36 | 1.590 | 0.498–5.074 | 0.433 |  |  |  | |
Relative in the inner court | No | 56 (67) | 143 | 1 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Yes | 28 (33) | 64 | 1.208 | 0.665–2.195 |  |  |  |  | |
Wealth quintiles | Quintile 5 (poorest) | 30 (36) | 48 | 1 | Â | Â | 1 | Â | Â |
Quintile 4 (second) | 23 (27) | 45 | 0.142 | 0.274–1.433 | 0.269 | 0.860 | 0.350–2.108 | 0.742 | |
Quintile 3 (middle) | 15 (18) | 44 | 0.200 | 0.132–0.729 | 0.007 | 0.500 | 0.198–1.261 | 0.142 | |
Quintile 2 (fourth) | 11 (13) | 44 | 0.310 | 0.814–0.491 | 0.000 | 0.271 | 0.100–0.735 | 0.010 | |
Quintile 1 (richest) | 5 (6) | 26 | 0.627 | 0.045–0.445 | 0.001 | 0.239 | 0.064–0.887 | 0.032 | |
Fever, headache, dizziness | No | 2 (2) | 18 | 1 | Â | Â | 1 | Â | Â |
Yes | 82 (98) | 189 | 6.130 | 1.370–27.417 | 0.018 | 9.384 | 1.807–48.730 | 0.008 | |
Body aches, chills, weak | No | 62 (74) | 151 | 1 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Yes | 22 (26) | 56 | 0.928 | 0.496–1.738 | 0.817 |  |  |  | |
Bitter taste in the mouth, no appetite | No | 65 (77) | 168 | 1 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Yes | 19 (23) | 39 | 1.505 | 0.747–3.032 | 0.252 |  |  |  | |
Vomiting, diarrhoea | No | 67 (80) | 176 | 1 | Â | Â | 1 | Â | Â |
Yes | 17 (20) | 31 | 1.975 | 0.914–4.266 |  | 2.606 | 0.928–7.315 | 0.069 | |
Dark urine, yellow eyes | No | 79 (94) | 191 | 1 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Yes | 5 (6) | 16 | 0.644 | 0.215–1.927 | 0.432 |  |  |  | |
Cough | No | 78 (93) | 191 | 1 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Yes | 6 (7) | 16 | 0.869 | 0.303–2.490 |  |  |  |  | |
Other: prickly, sores in the mouth, anaemia | No | 82 (98) | 202 | 1 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Yes | 2 (2) | 5 | 0.975 | 0.159–5.967 | 0.979 |  |  |  | |
Number of symptoms |  |  |  | 1.419 | 0.968–2.078 | 0.072 | 1.577 | 0.725–1.846 | 0.539 |