Table 4 Association between placental malaria and non-malaria outcomes in infants during the first year of life
From: Infant sex modifies associations between placental malaria and risk of malaria in infancy
Outcome measure | Placental malaria category (N) | Number of cases (incidence PPY) | Unadjusted | Adjusteda | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
IRR (95% CI) | p-value | IRR (95% CI) | p-value | |||
Incidence of all-cause hospitalisations | No PM (351) | 9 (0.027) | Reference group | Reference group | ||
Active PM (78) | 3 (0.044) | 1.66 (0.40–7.00) | 0.49 | 1.14 (0.22–5.98) | 0.87 | |
Past PM (mild-mod) (181) | 7 (0.044) | 1.72 (0.58–5.12) | 0.33 | 1.26 (0.44–3.64) | 0.66 | |
Past PM (severe (46) | 6 (0.141) | 4.85 (1.38–17.00) | 0.01 | 2.90 (0.59–14.44) | 0.19 | |
Incidence of non-malarial febrile illnesses | No PM (351) | 1128 (3.45) | Reference group | Reference group | ||
Active PM (78) | 203 (2.95) | 0.86 (0.72–1.03) | 0.10 | 0.84 (0.64–1.10) | 0.20 | |
Past PM (mild-mod) (181) | 536 (3.40) | 0.98 (0.86–1.13) | 0.82 | 1.03 (0.84–1.25) | 0.79 | |
Past PM (severe (46) | 152 (3.58) | 1.04 (0.85–1.26) | 0.72 | 1.06 (0.72–1.57) | 0.76 | |
Prevalence measures | Categories | Prevalence n/N (%) | Risk ratio (95% CI) | p-value | Risk ratio (95% CI) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Anaemiac | No PM (351) | 227/934 (24.3%) | Reference group | Reference group | ||
Active PM (78) | 48/190 (25.3%) | 1.07 (0.76–1.50) | 0.69 | 1.00 (0.69–1.47) | 0.98 | |
Past PM (mild-mod) (181) | 106/441 (24.0%) | 1.01 (0.80–1.29) | 0.92 | 0.94 (0.73–1.22) | 0.64 | |
Past PM (severe (46) | 37/118 (31.4%) | 1.29 (0.94–1.77) | 0.12 | 1.16 (0.79–1.70) | 0.44 | |