Plasma angiopoietin-2 is associated with age-related deficits in cognitive sub-scales in Ugandan children following severe malaria

Table 4 Association between Angpt-2 level and longitudinal age-adjusted cognitive z-scores over two years follow-up in children based on the severe malaria group at presentation in children < 5 years of age

	Adjusted LME estimates in SMA^1,2				Adjusted LME estimates in CM^1,2
	N (obs), N	Beta (95% CI)	P	Significant †	N (obs), N	Beta (95% CI)	P	Significant †
Children < 5 years of age at time of testing (MSEL)
Fine motor	476, 148	− 0.34 (− 0.58, − 0.09)	0.0078	†	459, 147	− 0.35 (− 0.79, 0.08)	0.110
Gross motor	484, 148	− 0.25 (− 0.57, 0.08)	0.132		460, 147	− 0.51 (− 0.95, − 0.07)	0.0229	†
Receptive language	480, 148	− 0.40 (− 0.69, − 0.10)	0.0096	†	455, 147	− 0.55 (− 0.98, − 0.11)	0.0141	†
Expressive language	470, 148	− 0.23 (− 0.51, 0.06)	0.116		445, 146	− 0.65 (− 1.07, − 0.23)	0.0029	†
Visual reception	479, 148	− 0.38 (− 0.70, − 0.05)	0.0235	†	453, 147	− 0.65 (− 1.09, − 0.21)	0.0043	†
Children ≥ 5 years of age at time of testing (KABC-2)
Planning³	–					–	–
Learning	139, 36	0.02 (− 0.62, 0.67)	0.9404		204, 53	− 0.63 (− 1.35, 0.10)	0.0880
Sequential processing	139, 36	0.09 (− 0.83, 1.02)	0.8339		205, 53	0.05 (− 0.84, 0.93)	0.9176
Simultaneous processing	138, 36	− 0.43 (− 1.13, 0.27)	0.2192		205, 53	− 0.25 (− 0.96, 0.46)	0.4759

^†p < 0.05 in model after correction for multiple comparisons (n = 5 for children < 5 years of age; n = 3 for children ≥ 5 years of age)
¹Linear mixed effects (LME) model where observations within subject were correlated using a subject-specific intercept, and time-points as categorical variables
²Models included age, gender, height-for-age z-score, socio-economic status, home environment, parental education, preschool education of the child (any), number of seizures during admission, and acute kidney injury
³Planning is assessed in children ≥ 7 years of age, so results are not available for children < 5 years of age at the time of the severe malaria episode

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