Fig. 3

Fragmentation of parasites based on inferred genetic clusters. a Scatterplot of the discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) based on discrimination of the 8 inferred genetic clusters of P. falciparum populations. Samples whose source of infection is unknown are included. Individual multi-locus genotypes appear as dots. Colours and lines represent population membership. Analysis is based on retention of 50 principal components (top right insert). b Proportion of monoclonal (MOI = 1) to polyclonal (MOI > 1) infections in the fragmented genetic clusters. c Proportion of clonal (1-Fws ≤ 0.05) to highly diverse (1-Fws ≥ 0.30) infections. Medium represents infections with 1-Fws > 0.05 but < 0.30