Table 1 Summary of studies reporting the yield of malaria reactive case detection
Reference | Location | Study period | Index case(s) | Contacts screened | Yield by | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Microscopy | RDT | PCR | |||||
Rogawski et al. [6] | Bo Rai district, Trat province, Thailand | 2011 | 1 index case, hospitalised with mixed P. falciparum–P. vivax infection, identified through passive case detection | 126 neighbours within 1 km of the index case were screened 61 soldiers and neighbouring villages with a high proportion of migrants were screened | Microscopist at local malaria clinic—0 detected Expert microscopist—1 in 187 (0.53%): P. falciparum | Not done or not reported | 4 in 187 (2.14%), including the P. falciparum case detected by microscopy and 3 P. vivax cases, which were subsequently confirmed by microscopic examination of more fields |
Xiao et al. [7] | Yingjiang County, Yunnan Province (China-Myanmar border), China | 2014 | Persons living around index cases within a radius of 100 m, 300 m, 500 m, and 1 km were screened | 278 persons screened | 3 in 278 (1.08%) malaria positive | Not done or not reported | 6 in 278 (2.16%) malaria positive, all within 300 m radius around the index case |
Hustedt J, et al. [8] | Pailin, Cambodia | 2013–2014 | 270 index cases (91% P. vivax) identified through passive case detection and followed-up at home within 3 days | Household members of index cases were screened. For every 15th index case identified, the five nearest households to the index case’s household were invited to participate For every 30th index case, the ten nearest households were invited to participate | Not done or not reported | 9 in 1898 (0.47%) members of index and neighbour households: 7 P. vivax and 2 P. falciparum | 17 in 1596 (1.07%) members of index and neighbour households: 15 P. vivax and 2 P. falciparum/P. vivax-mixed |
Wang et al. [9] | Four counties in Yunnan Province, (China-Myanmar border), China | 2012 to 2014 | 260 index cases reported and investigated, of which 182/260 (70.0%) had contacts screened | 3,662 persons screened | 10/3,662 (0.27%) malaria positive | Not done or not reported | |
Feng et al. [10] | China | 2013 to 2014 | 101 cases reported and were categorized as residual non-active foci | 2,985 members of index case’s household and neighbouring households within a 300-m radius were screened | Not done or not reported | 4/2,985 (0.13%) malaria positive | RDT results verified by PCR at the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention |
2015 | 28 indigenous cases were reported, and active foci response was carried out for all of them | 1,447 members of index case’s household and neighbouring households within a 300-m radius were screened | Not done or not reported | 2/1,447 (0.14%) malaria positive | |||
Rossi et al. [11] | Chey Saen district, Preah Vihear province, Cambodia | 2015 to 2017 | 194 index cases of P. falciparum malaria infection were identified | 785 contacts screened: 623 household members of each index case were screened 162 “Co-exposed” individuals, mainly coworkers in settings with a high malaria infection risk, such as forests or plantations, were screened | Not done or not reported | 7/785 (0.89%) 1/623 (0.2%) household members positive 6/162 (3.7%) co-workers positive | 31/785 (3.95%) 20/623 (3.2%) household members positive 11/162 (6.8%) co-workers positive |
Kheang et al. [12] | Sampov Loun, Cambodia | 2015 to 2017 | 408 index cases identified | 1,377 contacts screened, including members of index’s and surrounding household and co-travellers (persons who have been working, traveling, or staying outside of the home village with an index case in the past 3–4 weeks) | 14/1,377 (1.02%) positive cases (nine P. falciparum and five P. vivax). All positive cases were identified among index case co-travellers; there were no cases identified among index household members or surrounding household members | Not done or not reported | |
Lek et al. [13] | Pailin | 2013 | 270 index cases | 1898 screened | Not done or not reported | 9 (0.47%) positive | 17 (0.90%) positive |
Sampov Loun | 2015–2018 | 639 index cases | 1946 screened | Not done or not reported | 15 (0.77%) positive | Not done | |
Preah Vihear | 2016–2018 | 60 index cases | 226 screened | Not done or not reported | 2 (0.88%) positive | 8 (3.54%) positive | |
Oddar Meanchey | 2017–2018 | 192 index cases | 1574 screened | Not done or not reported | 26 (1.65%) positive | 66 (4.19%) positive | |