Fig. 5

Plasmodium knowlesi-infected kra monkeys exhibit histopathology consistent with systemic measures of disease. a Representative light micrographs of H&E-stained tissue sections from control and infected kra monkeys. Infected lungs showed areas of fibrosis (Fib), hyperplasia (*), haemolysis (Hem), and interstitial thickening (IT). All animals had periportal (*) and sinusoidal (SI) infiltration in the liver. Kidney histopathology included tubular crystal formation (TC), hypercellular glomeruli (*), and tubular degeneration (TD). The stomach, duodenum, jejunum, and colon all exhibited mucosal immune infiltration (*). b Semi-quantitative histopathology scores of tissues collected at necropsy. The average alanine transaminase (c), aspartate aminotransferase (d), total bilirubin (e), and creatinine (f) for each animal where data were available during the indicated time period after infection. Light gray bars indicate mean of the shown datapoints. Error bars = SEM. Statistical significance was assessed using a linear mixed-effect model followed by a Tukey–Kramer HSD post-hoc analysis. p-values of < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Asterisks indicate statistical significance