Table 2 Multivariate models of maternal and neonatal outcomes on the presence of subclinical P. falciparum infection, PE,E and HIV infections

Cesarean delivery (N = 219)

 Subclinical Malaria

1.69

[0.71; 4.01]

 PE

3.69

[1.69; 8.03]

 E

15.38

[5.66; 41.83]

 HIV

1.63

[0.63; 4.21]

Pre-term birth (N = 223)

 Subclinical Malaria

1.38

[0.50; 3.80]

 PE

2.17

[0.78; 5.97]

 E

5.64

[1.87; 17.01]

 HIV

1.25

[0.36; 4.26]

Low birth weight (N = 221)

 Subclinical Malaria

1.41

[0.56; 3.59]

 PE

2.08

[0.91; 4.74]

 E

3.13

[1.16; 8.46]

 HIV

3.14

[1.19; 8.29]

Apgar < 7 1 m (N = 227)

 Subclinical Malaria

1.26

[0.53; 3.00]

 PE

2.01

[0.95; 4.24]

 E

4.59

[1.79; 11.79]

 HIV

1.68

[0.69; 4.06]

Apgar < 7 5 m (N = 227)

 Subclinical Malaria

1.53

[0.51; 4.59]

 PE

2.08

[0.74; 5.85]

 E

4.96

[1.55; 15.85]

 HIV

4.36

[1.51; 12.57]

Neonatal resuscitation (N = 218) N = 223

 Subclinical Malaria

1.51

[0.60; 3.79]

 PE

3.04

[2.19; 7.16]

 E

4.68

[1.64; 13.4]

 HIV

1.31

[0.48; 3.58]

Stillbirth (N = 222)

 Subclinical Malaria

3.50

[1.11; 10.97]

 PE

1.59

[0.46; 5.56]

 E

4.80

[1.30; 17.69]

 HIV

3.82

[1.05; 13.88]

OLS models*

Coefficient

95% CI

Haemoglobin (N = 167)

 Subclinical Malaria

0.40

[− 0.38; 1.17]

 PE

0.13

[− 0.52; 0.77]

 E

0.87

[− 0.002; 1.74]

 HIV

− 0.13

[− 0.95; 0.68]

Neonatal weight (N = 221)

 Subclinical Malaria

− 147.70

[− 343.46; 48.06]

 PE

− 141.26

[− 305.31; 22.80]

 E

− 354.94

[− 581.43; − 128.44]

 HIV

− 255.94

[− 465.18; − 46.69]