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Table 3 SNPs of the pvmdr1 gene in P. vivax strains

From: Characteristics of molecular markers associated with chloroquine resistance in Plasmodium vivax strains from vivax malaria cases in Yunnan Province, China

OD

TMD

Loci

AL

Coding

AAV

No. of all CDSs(n = 624)

Frequency

2014 (n = 283)

2020 (n = 140)

2021 (n = 119)

2022 (n = 82)

IP (n = 271)

ID (n = 12)

IP (n = 140)

IP (n = 119)

IP (n = 82)

1

Inside

c.23c

C>T

CCC/CTC

P8L

64 (10.3%)

5 (1.8%)

0

19 (13.6%)

25 (21.0%)

15 (18.3%)

2

Inside

c.96a

G>C

GGG/GGC

G32G

2 (0.3%)

2 (0.7%)

0

0

0

0

3

Inside

c.132b

G>A

AAG/AAA

K44K

241 (38.6%)

98 (36.2%)

4 (33.3%)

53 (37.6%)

52 (43.7%)

34 (41.5%)

4

3

c.516

C>T

GGC/GGT

G172G

3 (0.5%)

2 (0.7%)

1 (8.3%)

0

0

0

5

Outside

c.930c

G>A

TTG/TTA

L310L

63 (10.1%)

2 (0.7%)

0

19 (13.6%)

25 (21.0%)

17 (20.7%)

6

Outside

c.936

C>T

AAC/AAT

N312N

5 (0.8%)

5 (1.8%)

0

0

0

0

7

Inside

c.1226

C>T

ACG/ATG

T409M

31 (5.0%)

11 (4.6%)

1 (8.3%)

8 (5.7%)

5 (4.2%)

6 (7.3%)

8

Inside

c.1477c,b

T>C

TTA/CTA

L493L

26 (4.7%)

25 (9.2%)

1 (8.3%)

0

0

0

9

Inside

c.1539cb

T>A

AGT/AGA

S513R

118 (18.9%)

69 (25.5%)

2 (16.7%)

27 (19.3%)

12 (10.1%)

8 (9.8%)

10

Inside

c.1559b

G>A

GGT/GAT

G520D

32 (5.1%)

21 (7.7%)

1 (8.3%)

7 (5.0%)

2 (1.7%)

1 (1.2%)

11

Inside

c.1587b

A>G

ACA/ACG

T529T

569 (91.2%)

227 (83.4%)

7 (58.3%)

136 (97.1%)

117 (98.3%)

82 (100%)

12

Inside

c.2092b

G>A

GGC/AGC

G698S

534 (85.6%)

256 (94.5%)

11 (91.7%)

120 (85.7%)

88 (73.9%)

59 (72.0%)

13

7

c.2499

G>T

ATG/ATT

M833I

9 (1.4%)

2 (0.7%)

0

3 (2.1%)

3 (2.5%)

1 (1.2%)

14

7

c.2533c

C>T

CTC/TTC

L845F

106 (17.0%)

54 (19.2%)

1 (8.3%)

12 (8.6%)

16 (13.4%)

23 (28.0%)

15

Outside

c.2582c

C>A

GCG/GAG

A861E

84 (13.5%)

37 (13.7%)

3 (25%)

23 (16.4%)

19 (16.0%)

2 (2.4%)

16

Inside

c.2722

A>C

ATG/CTG

M908L

624 (100%)

271 (100%)

12 (100%)

140 (100%)

119 (100%)

82 (100%)

17

9

c.2873

C>T

ACG/ATG

T958M

624 (100%)

271 (100%)

12 (100%)

140 (100%)

119 (100%)

82 (100%)

18

10

c.2927

A>T

TAC/TTC

Y976F

7 (1.1%)

7 (2.6%)

0

0

0

0

19

Inside

c.2990

A>G

AAG/AGG

K997R

4 (0.6%)

3 (1.1%)

1 (8.3%)

0

0

0

20

11

c.3201a

C>T

CTC/CTT

L1067L

2 (0.3%)

2 (0.7%)

0

0

0

0

21

11

c.3210a

C>T

TTC/TTT

F1070F

3 (0.5%)

3 (1.1%)

0

0

0

0

22

11

c.3226c,b

T>C

TTT/CTT

F1076L

472 (75.6%)

168 (62.0%)

8 (66.7%)

113 (80.7%)

110 (92.4%)

73 (89.0%)

23

12

c.3358

C>T

CTA/TTA

L1120L

8 (1.3%)

7 (2.6%)

0

0

1 (0.8%)

0

24

Inside

c.3634a

C>T

CTG/TTG

L1212L

7 (1.1%)

7 (2.6%)

0

0

0

0

25

Inside

c.3699a

G>A

AGA/AAA

E1233E

4 (0.6%)

4 (1.5%)

0

0

0

0

26

Inside

c.3774a

C>A

TCC/TCA

S1258S

2 (0.3%)

2 (0.7%)

0

0

0

0

27

Inside

c.3776a

C>T

TCC/TTC

S1259F

2 (0.3%)

2 (0.7%)

0

0

0

0

28

Inside

c.4044

C>T

ACC/ACT

I1348I

24 (3.8%)

12 (4.4%)

2 (16.7%)

7 (5.0%)

2 (1.7%)

1 (1.2%)

29

Inside

c.4074b

C>T

TCC/TCT

S1358S

68 (10.9%)

27 (1.0%)

3 (25%)

21 (15.0%)

7 (5.9%)

10 (12.2%)

30

Inside

c.4179c,b

G>C

AAG/AAC

K1393N

112 (17.9%)

68 (25.15)

3 (25%)

14 (10.0%)

14 (11.8%)

13 (15.6%)

31

Inside

c.4188

G>A

GAG/GAA

E1396E

7 (1.1%)

7 (2.6%)

0

0

0

0

32

Inside

c.4292a

A>G

AAC/AGC

N1431S

7 (1.1%)

7 (2.6%)

0

0

0

0

33

Inside

c.4349

C>T

TCG/TTG

S1450L

96 (15.4%)

48 (17.7%)

2 (16.7%)

23 (16.4%)

16 (13.4%)

7 (8.5%)

34

–

Loci with only 1 mutation (continued in Table 4)

19

15

0

0

3

1

  1. OD, TMD, AL, AAV, IP, ID are Order, Transmembrane domain (Inside and Outside mean the inside and outside the digestive vesicle; the different Arabic numerals mean some transmembrane region), Loci, Alleles, Coding Amino acid variation, Imported, Indigenous, respectively
  2. aNewly detected SNP
  3. bIndicates multiple mutations at the locus
  4. cIndicates that the locus detection is statistically significant between years
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Malaria Journal

ISSN: 1475-2875

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