Fig. 5
From: Pharmacokinetics of ivermectin metabolites and their activity against Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes
Ivermectin metabolites effect on mosquito mortality: LC50. Multiple amounts of ivermectin (IVM), desmethyl-H2B1a (M1) or hydroxy-H2B1a (M2) were fed to mosquitoes to determine the lethal concentration that killed 50% of the mosquitoes (LC50) 72 h after treatment. The blood samples of the participants of the pharmacokinetics trial [25] were analysed to derive the maximal blood level (Cmax) for ivermectin, M1 and M2 (Fig. 2). An administration of 12 mg ivermectin yielded a Cmax of 50 ng/mL for ivermectin, therefore the LC50 was evaluated using ivermectin concentrations ranging between 1 and 12.5 ng/mL. For the metabolites M1 and M2, Cmax corresponds to the maximal intensity (peak area, counts) from the metabolite peak intensity time plots. Anopheles stephensi were treated with different dilutions of ivermectin (1/4 Cmax, 1/6 Cmax, 1/10 Cmax, 1/20 Cmax, 1/50 Cmax), M1 (Cmax, 1/2 Cmax, 1/4 Cmax, 1/6 Cmax, 1/10 Cmax) and M2 (Cmax, 1/2 Cmax, 1/3 Cmax, 1/4 Cmax, 1/5 Cmax). Mean mosquito survival was assessed after 24, 48 and 72 h. Error bars correspond to the standard error of the mean