Table 3 Risk factors association with malaria infection prevalence (n = 1301)
Variables | PCR positivity (%) | Univariate | P-value | Multivariate | Â |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | P-Value | |||
Participant group | |||||
 Forest goer | 52 (6.75) | Ref. |  |  |  |
 Forest dweller | 30 (6.40) | 0.94 (0.59–1.50) | 0.807 | 0.95 (0.59–1.54) | 0.863 |
 Forest ranger | 5 (8.06) | 1.21 (0.46–3.15) | 0.695 | 1.09 (0.34–3.46) | 0.874 |
Age group (year) | |||||
 4–10 | 4 (5.13) | Ref. |  |  |  |
 11–20 | 23 (7.64) | 1.53 (0.51–4.56) | 0.445 | 1.59 (0.52–4.78) | 0.409- |
 21–30 | 19 (6.03) | 1.18 (0.39–3.59) | 0.761 | 1.12 (0.36–3.48) | 0.837 |
 31–40 | 13 (5.56) | 1.08 (0.34–3.44) | 0.886 | 0.98 (0.30–3.19) | 0.977 |
 41–50 | 12 (6.52) | 1.29 (0.40–4.13) | 0.667 | 1.20 (0.36–3.93) | 0.761 |
  ≥ 51 | 16 (8.47) | 1.71 (0.55–5.29) | 0.351 | 1.58 (0.50–4.97) | 0.433 |
Gender | |||||
 Male | 54 (8.29) | Ref. |  |  |  |
 Female | 33 (5.08) | 0.59 (0.37–0.92) | 0.021 | 0.61 (0.38–0.97) | 0.038 |
Ethnic group | |||||
 Khmer | 35 (6.07) | Ref. |  | Ref. |  |
 Bunong | 52 (7.59) | 1.27 (0.81–1.98) | 0.288 |  |  |
 Other | 0 (0.00) | 1 | – |  |  |
Diagnosed with malaria | |||||
 Never | 32 (5.86) | Ref. |  | Ref. |  |
 1 time | 12 (5.58) | 0.94 (0.47–1.87) | 0.882 | 0.97 (0.48–1.95) | 0.952 |
 2–5 times | 30 (7.67) | 1.33 (0.79–2.23) | 0.273 | 1.27 (0.74–2.16) | 0.373 |
 6–10 times | 6 (7.41) | 1.28 (0.51–3.17) | 0.587 | 1.21 (0.48–3.05) | 0.685 |
  ≥ 11 times | 7 (10.29) | 1.84 (0.78–4.35) | 0.163 | 1.71 (0.69–4.25) | 0.244 |
Travel outside village | |||||
 Daily | 55 (6.84) | Ref. |  |  |  |
 A few times a week | 17 (6.01) | 0.87 (0.49–1.52) | 0.628 | – | – |
 Weekly | 5 (7.46) | 1.09 (0.42–2.84) | 0.847 | – | – |
 Twice a month | 3 (7.69) | 1.13 (0.33–3.80) | 0.838 | – | – |
 Once a month | 3 (7.50) | 1.10 (0.32–3.69) | 0.872 | – | – |
 Less than once a month | 4 (5.88) | 0.85 (0.29–2.42) | 0.763 | – | – |
Primary purpose for travel | |||||
 Work in the forest | 22 (6.21) | Ref. |  |  |  |
 Work at the farm | 47 (7.23) | 1.17 (0.69–1.98) | 0.544 | – | – |
 Work (other location) | 6 (6.52) | 1.05 (0.41–2.67) | 0.914 | – | – |
 Visiting family/friends | 4 (7.84) | 1.28 (0.42–3.89) | 0.658 | – | – |
 Other | 8 (5.19) | 0.82 (0.35–1.90) | 0.654 | – | – |
Travel outside village (average hours walked) | |||||
 Less than 1 h | 39 (6.13) | Ref. |  |  |  |
 1–2 h | 27 (7.85) | 1.30 (0.78–2.16) | 0.307 | 1.29 (0.77–2.17) | 0.327 |
 2–6 h | 10 (6.33) | 1.03 (0.50–2.11) | 0.927 | 0.96 (0.46–2.03) | 0.932 |
 More than 6 h | 11 (6.75) | 1.10 (0.55–2.21) | 0.772 | 1.00 (0.45–2.21) | 0.988 |
Visited a health facility over the past month | |||||
 Yes | 25 (7.08) | Ref. |  |  |  |
 No | 62 (6.55) | 0.92 (0.56–1.48) | 0.735 | – | – |
  Don’t know | 0 (0.00) | 1 |  |  |  |