Testing and treatment for malaria elimination: a systematic review

Newby, Gretchen; Cotter, Chris; Roh, Michelle E.; Harvard, Kelly; Bennett, Adam; Hwang, Jimee; Chitnis, Nakul; Fine, Sydney; Stresman, Gillian; Chen, Ingrid; Gosling, Roly; Hsiang, Michelle S.

doi:10.1186/s12936-023-04670-8

Malaria Journal

Table 2 Mass test and treatment (MTaT) versus no MTaT intervention studies

From: Testing and treatment for malaria elimination: a systematic review

Study	Country	Transmission	Species	TaT method	Proactive or Reactive	Design	Total no. clusters^c	Total population	Test	Drug regimen	No. of rounds or events	MTaT coverage	Outcome for MTaT versus no MTaT
													Prevalence		Incidence
													Follow up (months)	Infection, OR, 95% CI^a	Follow up (months)	Symptomatic cases, IRR, 95% CI^b	Infection, IRR, 95% CI^b
Desai et al. 2020	Kenya	High	Pf	MTaT	Proactive	CRCT	30^c	21–50K	RDT/M	DP	6	75–94%	–	–	24	0.79, 0.61–1.02	0.95, 0.87–1.04
Eisele et al. 2016	Zambia	High	Pf	MTaT + fMDA	Proactive	CRCT	20	> 50K	RDT	DP	2	54–63%	12	0.57, 0.13–2.50	5	0.97, 0.73–1.29	0.75, 0.31–1.78
Samuels et al. 2021	Kenya	High	Pf	MTaT	Proactive	CRCT	20	21–50K	RDT	DP	6	75–94%	21	0.92, 0.76–1.10Δ	–	–	–
Tiono et al. 2013	Burkina Faso	High	Pf	MTaT	Proactive	CRCT	18	5–20K	RDT	AL	3	96%	12	0.92, p = 0.3^a	12	1.06, p = 0.3	–
Larsen et al. 2015	Zambia	Moderate	Pf	MTaT	Proactive	CRCT	16	> 50K	RDT	AL	3	88%	12	0.47, 0.24–0.90^a	12	0.83, 0.68–1.01	–
Mlacha et al. 2020	Tanzania	Low/Moderate	Pf	MTaT	Reactive	CQED	4	> 50K	RDT	DP	85^d	Not reported	28	0.34, 0.26–0.44	13	–	–
Bousema et al. 2016	Kenya	Low	Pf	MTaT + fMDA	Proactive	CRCT	10	< 5K	RDT	AL	2	94%	4	difference 1.0, − 8.3–10.4^a	–	–	–
Eisele et al. 2016	Zambia	Low	Pf	MTaT + fMDA	Proactive	CRCT	20	> 50K	RDT	DP	2	54–63%	12	1.28, 0.36–4.60	5	0.80, 0.60–1.08	0.77, 0.22–2.71
Sutanto et al. 2018	Indonesia	Low	Pv > Pf	MTaT	Proactive	CRCT	16^c	< 5K	M	DP + PQ	3	89%	–	–	5	–	1.04, 0.36–2.98^b
Sutanto et al. 2018	Indonesia	Low	Pv > Pf	MTaT	Proactive	CRCT	16^c	< 5K	M	DP + PQ	2	87%	–	–	5	–	0.99, 0.62–1.59^b
Cook et al. 2015	Zanzibar	Very Low	Pf	MTaT	Proactive	CQED	10	21–50K	RDT	ASAQ	2	43–54%	–	–	6	No difference^e	–

Studies listed in bands from highest to lowest transmission intensity setting, and alphabetically by author within each band
Desai et al. and Samuels et al. were part of the same trial, but presented separately due to different sample sizes used in the two papers
Pf Plasmodium falciparum; Pv Plasmodium vivax; MTaT mass test and treat; fMDA focal mass drug administration; CQED cluster quasi-experimental design; CRCT cluster randomized controlled trial; K thousand; RDT rapid diagnostic test; M microscopy; AL artemether–lumefantrine; DP dihydroartemisinin–piperaquine; PQ primaquine; ASAQ artesunate-amodiaquine; OR odds ratio; CI confidence interval; IRR incidence rate ratio
^aAssessed in all ages and by RDT, except for Larsen et al. (in children < 5 years of age and using RDT), Tiono et al. (in children < 5 years of age with parasite density > 5000 p/μL by PCR), and Bousema et al. (all ages, by PCR)
^bAssessed in children and by RDT or microscopy, except for Sutanto et al. where also assessed by PCR (results for both studies not statistically significant and not shown) and Tiono et al. where assessed in all ages
^cNumbers of intervention and control clusters were equal, except Sutanto et al. (3 rounds of MTaT in 6 clusters, 2 rounds of MTaT in 5 clusters, 5 control clusters) and Desai et al. (10 intervention clusters, 20 control clusters)
^dWeekly rounds of MTaT (n = 85 over study period) targeted to villages with the highest recent test positivity rates
^eEstimates not provided
^fAdjusted ratio of prevalence ratios

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