Table 1 Sociodemographic characteristics of the respondents (n = 3085)

Age (39.68 ± 16.03)

0.325

15–19

187 (10.9)

154 (11.3)

341 (11.1)

20–29

365 (21.3)

282 (20.6)

647 (21.0)

30–39

404 (23.5)

250 (18.3)

654 (21.2)

40–49

286 (16.7)

259 (18.9)

545 (17.7)

50–59

245 (14.3)

229 (16.8)

474 (15.4)

60–69

172 (10.0)

144 (10.5)

316 (10.2)

70 & above

59 (3.4)

49 (3.6)

108 (3.5)

Sex

0.630

Male

790 (46.0)

629 (46.0)

1419 (46.0)

Female

928 (54.0)

738 (54.0)

1666 (54.0)

Ethnicity

0.001*

Malay

1030 (60.0)

942 (68.9)

1972 (63.9)

Chinese

233 (13.6)

34 (2.5)

267 (8.7)

Indian

106 (6.2)

33 (2.4)

139 (4.5)

Other Bumiputras

266 (15.5)

273 (20.0)

539 (17.5)

Others

83 (4.8)

85 (6.2)

168 (5.5)

Citizenship

0.490

Malaysian citizen

1617 (94.1)

1268 (92.8)

2885 (93.5)

Non-Malaysia citizen

101 (5.9)

99 (7.2)

200 (6.5)

Marital Status

0.703

Single

512 (29.8)

375 (27.4)

887 (28.8)

Married/Living with a partner

1085 (63.2)

906 (66.3)

1991 (64.5)

Widowed (er)/divorcee

121 (7.0)

86 (6.3)

207 (6.7)

Education Level

0.008*

No formal education

50 (2.9)

64 (4.7)

114 (3.7)

Primary education

245 (14.3)

318 (23.3)

563 (18.3)

Secondary education

806 (46.9)

731 (53.5)

1537 (49.8)

Tertiary education

617 (35.9)

254 (18.6)

871 (28.2)

Occupation

0.059

Government employee

187 (10.9)

111 (8.1)

298 (9.7)

Private employee

530 (30.9)

348 (25.5)

878 (28.5)

Self-employed

227 (13.2)

283 (20.7)

510 (16.5)

Unpaid worker/Homemaker/caregiver

301 (17.5)

301 (22.0)

602 (19.5)

Student

195 (11.4)

136 (10.0)

331 (10.7)

Not working (unemployed, health problem, old age, retiree)

272 (15.8)

184 (13.5)

456 (14.8)

Others

6 (0.4)

4 (0.3)

10 (0.3)