Table 1 Socio-demographic parameters of study participants
From: Co-infection of Plasmodium falciparum and Schistosoma mansoni is associated with anaemia
Characteristics | Bonia | Gaani | Korania | Nangalikinia | Tono | Total | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | ||
Gender | |||||||
 Male | 27 (20.15) | 22(16.42) | 21 (15.67) | 32 (23.88) | 32 (23.88) | 134 (41.10) | 0.18 |
 Female | 35 (18.23) | 47 (24.48) | 40 (20.83) | 37 (19.27) | 33 ()17.19 | 192 (58.90) | |
 Total | 62 (19.02) | 69 (21.17) | 61 (18.71) | 69 (21.17) | 65 (19.94) | 326 (100.0) |  |
Age group (years) | |||||||
 5–8 | 17 (30.91) | 7 (12.73) | 9 (16.36) | 9 (16.36) | 13 (23.64) | 55 (16.87) | 0.014 |
 9–12 | 34 (18.48) | 33 (17.93) | 34 (18.48) | 42 (22.83) | 41 (22.28) | 184 (56.44) | |
 13–17 | 11 (12.64) | 29 (33.33) | 18 (20.69) | 18 (20.69) | 11 (12.64) | 87 (26.69) | |
Guardian/parent occupational status | Â | Â | Â | Â | |||
 Artisan | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 4 (36.36) | 7 (63.64) | 0 (0.00) | 11 (3.58) |  < 0.001 |
 Civil servant | 2 (10.00) | 4 (20.00) | 8 (40.00) | 0 (0.00) | 6 (30.00) | 20 (6.51) | |
 Farmer | 50 (22.12) | 55 (24.34) | 35 (15.49) | 48 ()21.24 | 38 (16.81) | 226 (73.62) | |
 Others | 9 (18.00) | 3 (6.00) | 13 (26.00) | 12 (24.00) | 13 (26.00) | 50 (16.29) | |
Source of drinking water | Â | Â | Â | Â | |||
 Tap/borehole | 60 (18.99) | 67 (21.20) | 58 (18.35) | 69 (21.84) | 62 (19.62) | 316 (97.23) | 0.35 |
 Bottle/sachet | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (33.33) | 0 (0.00) | 2 (66.67) | 3 (0.92) | |
 Dam/stream | 1 (33.33) | 1 (33.33) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (33.33) | 3 (0.92) | |
 Well | 0 (0.00) | 1 (33.33) | 2 (66.67) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 3 (0.92) | |
Type of toilet facility | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Open bush defecation | 60 (20.27) | 60 (20.27) | 55 (18.58) | 65 (21.96) | 56 (18.92) | 296 (91.36) | 0.13 |
 Pit latrine | 2 (11.11) | 7 (38.89) | 3 (16.67) | 3 (16.67) | 3 (16.67) | 18 (5.56) | |
 Water closet | 0 (0.00) | 1 (10.00) | 3 (30.00) | 1 (10.00) | 5 (50.00) | 10 (3.09) | |
Visit or use dam/stream | Â | Â | Â | Â | |||
 No | 27 (24.11) | 16 (14.29) | 29 (25.89) | 14 (12.50) | 26 (23.21) | 112 (34.46) | 0.001 |
 Yes | 35 (16.43) | 53 (24.88) | 31 (14.55) | 55 (25.82) | 39 (18.31) | 213 (65.54) | |
Activities performed in the dam/stream | Â | Â | Â | ||||
 Swimming/bathing | 28 (23.33) | 11 (9.17) | 22 (18.33) | 29 (24.17) | 30 (25.00) | 120 (56.87) |  < 0.001 |
 Domestic | 6 (16.67) | 0 (0.00) | 7 (19.44) | 17 (47.22) | 6 (16.67) | 36 (17.06) | |
 Farming | 0 (0.00) | 43 (78.18) | 0 (0.00) | 9 (16.36) | 3 (5.45) | 55 (26.07) | |
Knowledge of Bilharzia | Â | Â | Â | Â | |||
 No | 60 (22.39) | 42 (15.67) | 41 (15.30) | 64 (23.88) | 61 (22.76) | 268 (82.21) |  < 0.001 |
 Yes | 2 (3.45) | 27 (46.55) | 20 (34.48) | 5 (8.62) | 4 (6.90) | 58 (17.79) | |
See blood in stool | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 46 (20.81) | 46 (20.81) | 42 (19.01) | 42 (19.01) | 45 (20.36) | 221 (67.79) | 0.59 |
 Yes | 16 (15.24) | 23 (21.90) | 19 (18.10) | 27 (25.71) | 20 (19.05) | 105 (32.21) | |
 See blood in urine |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 No | 58 (19.66) | 55 (18.64) | 58 (19.66) | 66 (22.37) | 58 (19.66) | 295 (90.77) | 0.017 |
 Yes | 4 (13.33) | 13 (43.33) | 3 (10.00) | 3 (10.00) | 7 (23.33) | 30 (9.23) | |