Table 1 Prevalence of Plasmodium infection and risk factors in Arjo (March 2019 and October2019)
Factors | Dry season | Wet season | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Microscopy | PCR | Microscopy | PCR | |||||
| Â | Total | Positive n (%) | Total | Positive n (%) | Total | Positive n (%) | Total | Positive n (%) | |
Individual level factors | 1839 | 6 (0.3) | 529 | 9 (1.7) | 2625 | 82 (3.1) | 1184 | 12 (1.0) | |
Sex | Female | 982 | 4 (0.4) | 281 | 3 (1.1) | 1412 | 43 (3.0) | 638 | 6 (0.9) |
Male | 857 | 2 (0.2) | 248 | 6 (2.4) | 1213 | 39 (3.2) | 546 | 6 (1.1) | |
Age group (in years) |  < 5 | 221 | 1 (0.5) | 53 | 1 (1.9) | 414 | 13 (3.1) | 191 | 3 (1.6) |
5_15 | 422 | 0 (0.0) | 108 | 0 (0.0) | 673 | 20 (3.0) | 282 | 2 (0.7) | |
 > 15 | 1196 | 5 (0.4) | 368 | 8 (2.2) | 1538 | 49 (3.2) | 711 | 7 (1.0) | |
Job | Indoor | 854 | 3 (0.4) | 230 | 2 (0.9) | 1393 | 40 (2.9) | 612 | 7 (1.1) |
Outdoor | 985 | 3 (0.3) | 299 | 7 (2.3) | 1232 | 42 (3.4) | 572 | 5 (0.9) | |
Length of stay in the area |  < 6 months | 142 | 1 (0.7) | 49 | 0 (0.0) | 93 | 4 (4.3) | 41 | 0 (0.0) |
7–12 months | 69 | 1 (1.4) | 22 | 0 (0.0) | 140 | 7 (5.0) | 60 | 0 (0.0) | |
1–3 years | 191 | 0 (0.0) | 55 | 2 (3.6) | 262 | 8 (3.1) | 131 | 1 (0.8) | |
 > 3 years | 1437 | 4 (0.3) | 403 | 7 (1.7) | 2130 | 63 (3.0) | 952 | 11 (1.2) | |
Migrant worker | No | 1679 | 5 (0.3) | 476 | 9 (1.9) | 2528 | 79 (3.1) | 1138 | 12 (1.1) |
Yes | 160 | 1 (0.6) | 53 | 0 (0.0) | 97 | 3 (3.1) | 46 | 0 (0.0) | |
ITN utilization | Every night | 150 | 0 (0.0) | 50 | 1 (2.0) | 1865 | 37 (2.0) | 876 | 2 (0.2) |
Sometimes | 658 | 1 (0.2) | 171 | 3 (1.8) | 111 | 3 (2.7) | 46 | 1 (2.2) | |
No use | 1031 | 5 (0.5) | 308 | 5 (1.6) | 649 | 42 (6.5) | 262 | 9 (3.4) | |
Cluster level factors | |||||||||
Irrigation status | Irrigated | 977 | 2 (0.2) | 342 | 6 (1.8) | 1253 | 42 (3.4) | 581 | 12 (2.1) |
Non-irrigated | 862 | 4 (0.5) | 187 | 3 (1.6) | 1372 | 40 (2.9) | 603 | 0 (0.0) | |
HH education level | ≥ Secondary | 256 | 1 (0.4) | 80 | 2 (2.5) | 335 | 8 (2.4) | 177 | 1 (0.6) |
Primary | 452 | 1 (0.2) | 142 | 1 (0.7) | 721 | 14 (1.9) | 329 | 6 (1.8) | |
No education | 1131 | 4 (0.4) | 307 | 6 (2.0) | 1569 | 60 (3.8) | 678 | 5 (0.7) | |
Family size |  < 5 | 1061 | 5 (0.5) | 315 | 6 (1.9) | 1317 | 36 (2.7) | 604 | 5 (0.8) |
 > 5 | 778 | 1 (0.1) | 214 | 3 (1.4) | 1308 | 46 (3.5) | 580 | 7 (1.2) | |
House construction material | |||||||||
Roof material | Corrugated iron | 1200 | 4 (0.3) | 332 | 6 (1.8) | 1732 | 51 (2.9) | 761 | 7 (0.9) |
Thatch | 639 | 2 (0.3) | 197 | 3 (1.5) | 893 | 31 (3.5) | 423 | 5 (1.2) | |
Wall material | Corrugated iron | 298 | 2 (0.7) | 103 | 2 (1.9) | 277 | 8 (2.9) | 133 | 1 (0.8) |
Mud/cement | 1541 | 4 (0.3) | 426 | 7 (1.6) | 2348 | 74 (3.2) | 1051 | 11 (1.0) | |
No. of sleeping room | ≥ Three | 224 | 1 (0.4) | 60 | 0 (0.0) | 476 | 14 (2.9) | 205 | 1 (0.5) |
Two | 939 | 2 (0.2) | 260 | 6 (2.3) | 1219 | 41 (3.4) | 520 | 5 (1.0) | |
One | 676 | 3 (0.4) | 209 | 3 (1.4) | 930 | 27 (2.9) | 459 | 6 (1.3) | |
Vector control measures | |||||||||
No. of ITN/house | ≥ Three | 252 | 0 (0.0) | 70 | 0 (0.0) | 673 | 22 (3.3) | 293 | 0 (0.0) |
Two | 503 | 0 (0.0) | 112 | 0 (0.0) | 930 | 25 (2.7) | 401 | 2 (0.5) | |
One | 407 | 1 (0.2) | 129 | 4 (3.1) | 674 | 14 (2.1) | 336 | 1 (0.3) | |
Not available | 677 | 5 (0.7) | 218 | 5 (2.3) | 348 | 21 (6.0) | 154 | 9 (5.8) | |
IRS sprayed | No | 1167 | 2 (0.2) | 322 | 6 (1.9) | 1533 | 52 (3.4) | 691 | 4 (0.6) |
Yes | 672 | 4 (0.6) | 207 | 3 (1.4) | 1092 | 30 (2.7) | 493 | 8 (1.6) | |
Household | Â | 843 | 6 (0.7) | 358 | 8 (2.2) | 958 | 72 (7.5) | 702 | 11 (1.6) |