Table 4 GEE model for submicroscopic malaria infection and risk factors in Arjo and Gambella, Ethiopia: March 2019 and October 2019

Characteristics

AOR [95%CI]

AOR [95%CI]

Sex

 Male

1.48 [0.57–3.82]

0.86 0.49–1.49]

 Female

Ref.

Ref.

Age groups(in year)

  < 5

1.29 [0.41–4.10]

0.44 [0.13–1.53]

 5–15

0.41 [0.09–1.80]

3.72 [1.88–7.34]***

  > 15

Ref.

Ref.

ITN utilization

 Every night

Ref.

 Sometimes

6.56 [1.29–33.24]*

 Never

7.36 [2.02–26.72]***

Irrigation status

 Non-irrigated

Ref.

Ref.

 Irrigated

4.89 [1.33–17.91]**

3.11 [1.56–6.17]***

Duration of stay in the area

  > 3 years

Ref.

 1–3 years

10.19 [3.65–28.47]***

 7–12 months

5.34 [0.69–41.19]

 < 6 months

3.58 [0.54–23.59]

Season

 Dry

0.36 [0.20–0.65]***

 Wet

Ref.

Household head level of education

 ≥Secondary

Ref.

 Primary

0.58 [0.28–1.19]

 No education

0.71 [0.34–1.45]

Number of sleeping rooms

 ≥Three

Ref.

 Two

0.56 [0.23–1.32]

 One

0.32 [0.14–0.71]**