Table 5 Predictors of malaria risk obtained from multivariate mixed-effects logistic regression analysis by microscopy in Gambella area, Southwest Ethiopia: March 2019 and October 2019

Fixed effect

AOR,95%CI

AOR,95%CI

AOR,95%CI

Sex

 Male

0.81 [0.51,1.28]

0.81 [0.51,1.29]

 Female

Ref.

Ref.

Age groups(in years)

  < 5

0.28[0.07,1.03]

0.31 [0.08,1.17]

 5–15

0.89[0.37,2.11]

0.94 [0.39,2.27]

  > 15

Ref.

Ref.

Duration of stay in the area

  > 3 years

Ref.

Ref.

 1–3 years

2.54 [0.74,8.77]

2.33 [0.67,8.14]

 7–12 months

5.59 [1.41,22.21]**

5.13 [1.26,20.92]**

  < 6 months

7.66 [1.98,29.62]***

6.99 [1.68,29.00]***

ITN utilization

 Every night

Ref.

Ref.

 Sometimes

1.64 [0.31,8.77]

1.77[0.32,9.73]

 Never

1.70 [1.01,2.87]*

2.38[0.64,8.89]

Job

 Indoor

Ref.

Ref.

 Outdoor

2.55 [1.20,5.42]**

2.93 [1.36,6.32]***

Migrant worker

 No

Ref.

Ref.

 Yes

4.04 [2.10,7.77]***

14.68 [2.61,82.67]***

Irrigation status

 Non-irrigated

Ref.

Ref.

 Irrigated

3.87 [1.81,8.25]***

4.09 [1.82,9.16]***

Season

 Dry

Ref.

Ref.

 Wet

0.64[0.39,1.07]

0.77 [0.45,1.30]

Family size

  < 5

Ref.

Ref.

  > 5

1.06 [0.57,1.95]

1.38 [0.72,2.63]

Number of ITN per household

 ≥ Three

Ref.

Ref.

 Two

0.44 [0.16,1.22]

0.40 [0.14,1.14]

 One

1.30 [0.51,3.29]

1.02 [0.39,2.68]

 Not available

1.64 [0.62,4.33]

0.62 [0.12,3.11]

Wall material

 Mud and wood

Ref.

Ref.

 Corrugated iron

1.24 [0.56,2.75]

0.10 [0.02,0.52]***

Roof material

 Corrugated iron

Ref.

Ref.

 Thatch

1.01 [0.45,2.24]

1.53 [0.64,3.70]

Number of sleeping rooms

 ≥Three

Ref.

Ref.

 Two

1.40 [0.43,4.55]

1.53 [0.45,5.13]

 One

2.17 [0.66,7.09]

1.94 [0.56,6.71]