Malaria control – lessons learned from trends of Malaria indices over three decades in Karnataka, India

Malaria Journal

Table 1 Comparison of the period before and after various interventions

Before and after intervention as binary predictor variable		Malaria incidence	Death incidence
LLIN introduction ^a	IRR (95% CI)	0.103 (0.059, 0.180)	0.083 (0.018, 0.377)
LLIN introduction ^a	p-value	< 0.001 (*)	0.001 (*)
ACT and RDT introduction ^b	IRR (95% CI)	0.149 (0.092, 0.243)	0.312 (0.115, 0.846)
ACT and RDT introduction ^b	p-value	< 0.001 (*)	0.022 (*)
Introduction of Guppy and Gambusia fishes as biological vector control ^c	IRR (95% CI)	0.324 (0.188, 0.558)	1.399 (0.364, 5.373)
	p-value	< 0.001 (*)	0.625

IRR Incidence rate ratio, LLIN Long lasting insecticidal treated nets, ACT Artemisinin-based combination therapies, RDT Rapid Diagnostic Testing
(*) denotes p-value is significant at 5% level of significance
^a Years from 1991–2009 considered as before LLIN introduction and 2010–2021 as after LLIN introduction
^b Years from 1991–2005 considered as before ACT and RDT introduction and 2006–2021 as after ACT and RDT introduction
^c Years from 1991–1996 considered as before introduction of Guppy and Gambusis fishes and 1997–2021 as after introduction

ISSN: 1475-2875