Table 3 Factors associated with ITN utilization among pregnant women in east Africa: based on the 2011–2022 DHS data

Dependent variables

 Age

  15–24

1

1

  25–34

1.20 (1.11, 1.29)

1.19 (1.11, 1.29)

  35–49

1.16 (1.05, 1.28)

1.26 (1.13, 1.41)

 Wealth index

  Poorest

1

1

  Poorer

1.20 (1.08, 1.33)

1.15 (1.04, 1.27)

  Middle

1.29 (1.16, 1.43)

1.21 (1.09, 1.35)

  Rich

1.27 (1.163, 1.39)

1.18 (1.06, 1.31)

 Family size

  ≤ 5

1

1

  > 5

0.80 (0.74,0.85)

0.84 (0.78, 0.91)

 Education

  Not educated

1

1

  Primary

1.47 (1.34, 1.61)

1.49 (1.36, 1.65)

  Secondary/higher

1.49 (1.35, 1.64)

1.52 (1.35, 1.70)

 Mass media exposure

  No

1

1

  Yes

1.03 (0.96, 1.11)

1.02 (0.95, 1.10)

 Working status

  No

1

1

  Yes

0.97 (0.90, 1.05)

0.95 (0.88, 1.04)

 Distance to facility

  No problem

1

1

  Big problem

1.02 (0.95, 1.09)

1.01 (0.93, 1.08)

 Husband working

  No

1

1

  Yes

1.01 (0.82, 1.25)

1.03 (0.83, 1.28)

 Visited health facility

  No

1

1

  Yes

1.06 (0.99, 1.15)

1.06 (0.98, 1.15)

 Visited by health worker

  No

1

1

  Yes

1.06 (0.88, 1.26)

1.04 (0.87, 1.25)

 Parity

  First

1

1

  2nd or 3rd

0.99 (0.87, 1.13)

0.99 (0.88, 1.13)

  4th and above

0.98 (0.87, 1.09)

0.99 (0.88, 1.11)

 Marital status

  Never married

1

1

  Married

1.74 (1.54, 1.97)

1.64 (1.44, 1.86)

  Divorced/widowed/separated

1.02 (0.84, 1.22)

0.98 (0.81, 1.18)

 Residence

  Urban

1

1

  Rural

0.99 (0.92, 1.07)

1.09 (0.99, 1.20)