Table 4 Effect of interventions on prevalence (%) of malaria-helminth co-infection among study participants, Saraya, 2022
Pre-intervention Prevalence 95% CI | Post-intervention Prevalence 95% CI | Odds ratio OR 95% CI | Odds ratio OR 95% CI | P value* | P value** | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control group | Treatment Group 1 | Treatment Group 2 | Control Group | Treatment Group 1 | Treatment Group 2 | Treatment Group 1 vs control group, Post-intervention | Treatment Group 2 vs control group, Post-intervention | |||
Plasmodium spp | ||||||||||
P. falciparum | 8.4 (5.4–13.0) | 7.7 (4.8–12.3) | 6.8 (4.1–11.2) | 8.9 (5.7–13.5) | 12.1 (8.3–17.3) | 11.2 (7.5–16.3) | 1.45 (0.72–2.91) | 1.24 (0.60–2.54) | 0.58 | 0.33 |
***P. malariae | 8.4 (5.4–13.0) | 6.8 (4.0–11.1) | 6.3 (3.7–10.6) | 8.4 (5.4–13.0) | 11.6 (7.9–16.7) | 10.7 (7.1–15.7) | 1.45 (0.71–2.96) | 1.24 (0.59–2.57) | 0.59 | 0.22 |
Schistosomiasis | ||||||||||
S. haematobium | 0.5 (0.07–3.7) | 1.1 (0.3–4.5) | (0.3–4.4) | 0.5 (0.08–3.8) | 1.2 (0.3–4.6) | 1.1 (0.3–4.3) | – | – | – | |
***S. mansoni | 0.5 (0.07–3.7) | 1.1 (0.3–4.5) | 1.1 (0.3–4.5) | 0.5 (0.08–3.8) | 1.2 (0.3–4.6) | 1.1 (0.3–4.3) | ||||
STH | ||||||||||
***Hookworm | 0 | 0 | 1.1 (0.3–4.4) | 0.6 (0.08–3.8) | 0.6 (0.08–4.1) | 0 | – | – | – | |
***A. lumbricoides | ||||||||||
***T. trichiura | ||||||||||
Intestinal protozoans | 62.6 (55.4–69.2) | 56.1 (48.6–63.3) | 58.9 (51.3–65.8) | 60.0 (52.6–66.9) | 65.9 (58.4–72.6) | 66.4 (59.2–73.0) | 1.25 (0.78–2.01) | 1.37 (0.86–2.19) | 0.40 | 0.30 |
Co-infection | ||||||||||
Plasmodium + intestinal protozoans | 4.8 (2.5–9.0) | 5.2 (2.7–9.7) | 4.0 (1.9–8.1) | 5.6 (3.0–10.0) | 10.0 (6.3–15.5) | 10.6 (6.9–16.1) | 1.96 (0.79–4.82) | 1.95 (0.79–4.78) | 0.26 | – |
Hb (g/dl) | ||||||||||
(severe anaemia vs moderate/mild/ normal) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.5 (0.5–4.7) | 1.1 (0.3–4.3) | 2.1 (0.8–5.5) | 0.81 (0.13–5.00) | 1.78 (0.38–8.27) | 0.63 | 0.83 |