Fig. 3

Ex vivo RSA test. A frequency of test failure and low-sensitivity according to the type of haemoglobin. B Sensitivity of isolates to DHA according to the type of haemoglobin. When the proportion of viable parasites in the non-exposed culture (DMSO) at 72 h was higher than the initial parasitaemia at 0 h, the samples were considered to be interpretable. Survival rates is the ratio of parasitaemia in exposed (DHA) and non-exposed cultures (DMSO) calculated as: (parasitaemia at 70 or 700 nM DHA exposed/parasitaemia at 0 nM control) × 100. Geometric means of the isolates is plotted. Isolates with a survival rate of more than 1% were classified as in vitro artemisinin-resistant isolates, and with more than 10% as in vivo resistant