Urban–rural differences in seasonal malaria chemoprevention coverage and characteristics of target populations in nine states of Nigeria: a comparative cross-sectional study

Table 3 Results of univariate mixed-effects logistic regression models of association between rural/urban dwelling and seasonal malaria chemoprevention implementation outcomes in nine States in Nigeria (n = 11,880)

Variable	Category	Odds ratio	95% CI		p
Receipt of first dose of SPAQ on Day 1	Rural	Ref
Receipt of first dose of SPAQ on Day 1	Urban	0.507	0.304	0.846	0.009
Direct observation of the administration of the first dose of SPAQ	Rural	Ref
	Urban	0.551	0.394	0.771	0.001
Receipt of full 3-day course of SPAQ	Rural	Ref
Receipt of full 3-day course of SPAQ	Urban	0.500	0.330	0.757	0.001
Receipt of SMC medicines in all cycles	Rural	Ref
Receipt of SMC medicines in all cycles	Urban	0.491	0.361	0.668	< 0.001
Knowledge of SMC	Rural	Ref
Knowledge of SMC	Urban	0.649	0.491	0.859	0.002
Receipt of SMC by age-ineligible children	Rural	Ref
Receipt of SMC by age-ineligible children	Urban	1.061	0.667	1.684	0.802
Caregiver belief in the protective effect of SMC	Rural	Ref
Caregiver belief in the protective effect of SMC	Urban	0.600	0.390	0.921	0.020
Lead mother visit	Rural	Ref
Lead mother visit	Urban	0.600	0.423	0.852	0.004

ISSN: 1475-2875