Skip to main content

Table 1 Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto and Anopheles arabiensis insecticide susceptibility results using the WHO tubes in 2018

From: Insecticide susceptibility status of Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes and the effect of pre-exposure to a piperonyl butoxide (PBO) synergist on resistance to deltamethrin in northern Namibia

Species

Insecticide

Percentage mortality (number of mosquitoes in assay)

Oshana

Omusati

Ohangwena

Oshikoto

Otjozondjupa

Kunene

Kavango west

An. gambiae s.s

DDT (4%)

100% (n = 33)a

100% (n = 38)a

100% (n = 39)a

100% (n = 16)a

100% (n = 68)a

100% (n = 71)a

91% (n = 23)a

Deltamethrin (0.05%)

100% (n = 55)a

97% (n = 74)b

94% (n = 88)b

79% (n = 56)c

99% (n = 96)a

86% (n = 42)c

67% (n = 18)c

An. arabiensis

DDT (4%)

100% (n = 14)a

100% (n = 36)a

100% (n = 14)a

100% (n = 38)a

100% (n = 89)a

(n = 0)d

97% (n = 31)b

Deltamethrin (0.05%)

100% (n = 24)a

100% (n = 55)a

100% (n = 54)a

82% (n = 33)c

100% (n = 48)a

(n = 0)d

96% (n = 24)b

  1. aSusceptible: mortality rate of ≥ 98%
  2. bReduced susceptibility: mortality rate of 91%–97%
  3. cConfirmed resistance: mortality rate of ≤ 90%
  4. dSpecies not found