Efficacy of artemether-lumefantrine and dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine and prevalence of molecular markers of anti-malarial drug resistance in children in Togo in 2021

Table 5 Number and frequency of SNPs detected in genes associated with anti-malarial drug resistance in day0 samples by study site, Togo, 2021–2022

Gene	Codon	AA	No. of sample			% of mutant			p-value
Gene	Codon	AA	Anié	Kouvé	Total	Anié	Kouvé	Total	p-value
Pfkelch13	WT	–	165	189	354	0.0%	1.6%	1.6%	0.3
	557	A > S	0	1	1
	A578	A > S	0	2	2
Pfcrt	72	C	165	191	356	0.0%	0.5%	0.3%	1
	72	S	0	1	1	0.0%	0.5%	0.3%	1
	74	M	164	186	350	0.6%	3.1%	2.0%	0.12
	74	I	1	6	7	0.6%	3.1%	2.0%	0.12
	75	N	164	186	350	0.6%	3.1%	2.0%	0.12
	75	E	1	6	7	0.6%	3.1%	2.0%	0.12
	76	K	164	185	349	0.6%	3.6%	2.2%	0.07
	76	T	1	7	8	0.6%	3.6%	2.2%	0.07
	356	I	165	185	350	0.0%	3.6%	2.0%	0.01
	356	T	0	7	7	0.0%	3.6%	2.0%	0.01
Pfmdr-1	86	N	164	192	356	0.6%	0.0%	0.3%	0.46
	86	Y	1	0	1	0.6%	0.0%	0.3%	0.46
	184	Y	43	43	86	73.9%	77.6%	75.9%	0.45
	184	F	122	149	271	73.9%	77.6%	75.9%	0.45
dhfr	51	N	7	12	19	95.8%	93.8%	94.7%	0.48
	51	I	158	180	338	95.8%	93.8%	94.7%	0.48
	59	C	0	1	1	100.0%	99.5%	99.7%	1
	59	R	165	191	356	100.0%	99.5%	99.7%	1
	108	S	64	20	84	61.2%	89.6%	76.5%	< 10^–6
	108	N	101	172	273	61.2%	89.6%	76.5%	< 10^–6
dhps	431	I	156	182	338	5.5%	5.2%	5.3%	1
	431	V	9	10	19	5.5%	5.2%	5.3%	1
	436	S	74	104	178	55.2%	45.8%	50.1%	0.08
	436	A	91	88	179	55.2%	45.8%	50.1%	0.08
	437	G	157	188	345	4.8%	2.1%	3.4%	0.24
	437	A	8	4	12	4.8%	2.1%	3.4%	0.24
	540	K	165	190	355	0.0%	1.0%	0.6%	0.5
	540	E	0	2	2	0.0%	1.0%	0.6%	0.5
	581	A	163	184	347	1.2%	4.2%	2.8%	0.11
	581	G	2	8	10	1.2%	4.2%	2.8%	0.11
	613	A	148	169	317	10.3%	12.0%	11.2%	0.73
	613	S	17	23	40	10.3%	12.0%	11.2%	0.73

P values are in bold fonts when the value is less than 0.05, meaning that the proportions tested are significantly different

ISSN: 1475-2875